→ Introduction.
Contamination can be defined as the presence of a minor and unwanted constituent in material, physical body , natural environment and many more. Meanwhile, infection is the invasion of body tissue by disease-causing microorganisms , their multiplication and the reaction of body tissue to the microorganims and the toxins they produce. Infection are caused by virus, prions, bacteria and viroids, though larger organisms like macroparasites and funi also can be also infect. Airbone disease is caused by pathogenic microbial agent and transmitted through the air. These viruses and bacteria can be aerosolized through coughing, sneezing, laughing or through close personal contact. These pathogens ride on either dust particles or small respiratory droplets and can stay suspended in air and capable of travelling distance on air currents.
Resident microorganism are usually non-pathogenic, and either commensals (are not harmful to their host ) or mutualistic (offer a benefit.The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface , either by competing for nutrients, secreting chemicals against them, or stimulating the skin's immune system.
Most research has been upon those resident microorganism upon the 2 square meter of human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon skin human. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. However, resident microorganism can cause skin diseases and enter the blood system creating life-threatening diseases particularly in immunosupressed people.
Transient microorganism are different from resident microorganism in that they do not take up permanent residence in the gastrointestinal tract. Instead, they established small colonies for brief periods of time before dying off or being flushed from the intestinal system via normal digestive process, or by peristaltic bowel action. However, in taking up temporary residence , they contribute to the overall function and condition of the digestive system. For example, the lives of some of the most important resident microorganism involved in human digestion and intestinal health depend on by product produced by the visiting transient.
To determine the microorganisms in the air and from healthy humans.
HANDS
AIR
NORMAL BREATHING
VIOLENT COUGH
Resident microorganism are usually non-pathogenic, and either commensals (are not harmful to their host ) or mutualistic (offer a benefit.The benefits bacteria can offer include preventing transient pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin surface , either by competing for nutrients, secreting chemicals against them, or stimulating the skin's immune system.
Most research has been upon those resident microorganism upon the 2 square meter of human skin. Many of them are bacteria of which there are around 1000 species upon skin human. Most are found in the superficial layers of the epidermis and the upper parts of hair follicles. However, resident microorganism can cause skin diseases and enter the blood system creating life-threatening diseases particularly in immunosupressed people.
Transient microorganism are different from resident microorganism in that they do not take up permanent residence in the gastrointestinal tract. Instead, they established small colonies for brief periods of time before dying off or being flushed from the intestinal system via normal digestive process, or by peristaltic bowel action. However, in taking up temporary residence , they contribute to the overall function and condition of the digestive system. For example, the lives of some of the most important resident microorganism involved in human digestion and intestinal health depend on by product produced by the visiting transient.
→ Objective
To determine the microorganisms in the air and from healthy humans.
→ Results
EAR
HANDS
AIR
NORMAL BREATHING
VIOLENT COUGH
→ Discussions
In a healthy animal, the internal tissue , e.g. blood, brain, muscle, etc., are normally free of microorganisms. However, the surface tissues, i.e., skin and mucous membranes, are constantly in contact with environmental organisms and become readily colonized by various microbial species. The mixture of organisms regularly found at any anatomical sites is referred to as the normal flora, except by researchers in the field who prefer the term "indigenous microbiota". The normal flora of human consists of a few eukaryotic fungi and protists, but bacteria are the most numerous and obvious microbial components of the normal flora. The staphylococci and corynebacteria occur at every site listed. Staphylococcus epidermidis is highly adapted to the diverse environments of its human host. S. aureus is a potential pathogen. It is a leading cause of bacteria disease in humans. It can be transmitted from the nasal membranes of an asymptomatic carrier to a susceptible host. Many of the normal flora are either pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. The asterisks indicate members of the normal flora that may be considered major pathogens of humans. Besides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the quintessential opportunistic pathogen of humans that can invade virtually any tissue. It is leading cause of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) Gram-negative infections, but its sources is often exorgenous (from outside the host).Colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing on an agar plate. The most virulent Pseudomonas species produce mucoid colonies and green pigments such as this isolate.
Violent coughing is the syndrome affecting canines. Characterized as inflammation of the upper respiratory system, it can be caused by viral infections, such as canine distemper, canine adenovirus , canine parainfluenza virus , canine respiratory coronavirus or Orthomyxoviridae Influenzavirus, or bacterial infections, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica.
Hand infections are common as the naked hand is the body's first point of physical contact with the environment.Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive cocci, is the causative organism in up to 60% of all hand infections. A wide variety of other micro-organisms may be involved, either individually or as a polymicrobial type of infection. This includes gram-negative organisms such as Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, anaerobes and fungal organisms.
Bacteria cause most ear infection. The most common type are Streptococcus pneumoniae (also called pneumococcus ), Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Viral infection can also lead to ear infections. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and flu (influenza) virus are the most frequent types found.
→Conclusion
Every human is colonized by billions of microorganisms. These microorganism, some are vital to our wellbeing, constitute our resident or normal microflora.
Many common infection can spread by airbone transmission, at least in some cases including anthrax,chickenpox,influenza,measles,pertussis, smallpox and tuberculosis.Airbone microbes, allergens and chemicals cause respiratory disease-inflammation in the nose, throat, upper airway to the lung. Many infection are acquired by inhalation of pathogens that may remain in the respiratory system but also invade the rest of the body through lymphatic and blood circulations.
→ References.
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